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Thermal annealing synthesis of double-shell truncated octahedral Pt-Ni alloys for oxygen reduction reaction

Xiashuang LUO, Yangge GUO, Hongru ZHOU, Huan REN, Shuiyun SHEN, Guanghua WEI, Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 767-777 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0667-2

摘要： Shape-controlled Pt-Ni alloys usually offer an exceptional electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), whose tricks lie in well-designed structures and surface morphologies. In this paper, a novel synthesis of truncated octahedral PtNi alloy catalysts that consist of homogeneous Pt-Ni alloy cores enclosed by NiO-Pt double shells through thermally annealing defective heterogeneous PtNi alloys is reported. By tracking the evolution of both compositions and morphologies, the outward segregation of both PtO and NiO are first observed in Pt-Ni alloys. It is speculated that the diffusion of low-coordination atoms results in the formation of an energetically favorable truncated octahedron while the outward segregation of oxides leads to the formation of NiO-Pt double shells. It is very attractive that after gently removing the NiO outer shell, the dealloyed truncated octahedral core-shell structure demonstrates a greatly enhanced ORR activity. The as-obtained truncated octahedral Pt Ni core-shell alloy presents a 3.4-folds mass-specific activity of that for unannealed sample, and its activity preserves 45.4% after 30000 potential cycles of accelerated degradation test (ADT). The peak power density of the dealloyed truncated octahedral Pt Ni core-shell alloy catalyst based membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) reaches 679.8 mW/cm , increased by 138.4 mW/cm relative to that based on commercial Pt/C.

关键词： dealloyed Pt-Ni alloys truncated octahedron double-shell thermal annealing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)

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Pragmatic multi-stage simulated annealing for optimal placement of synchrophasor measurement units in

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR,M. JAYA BHARATA REDDY,Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 148-161 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0344-z

摘要： Conventional power grids across the globe are reforming to smart power grids with cutting edge technologies in real time monitoring and control methods. Advanced real time monitoring is facilitated by incorporating synchrophasor measurement units such as phasor measurement units (PMUs) to the power grid monitoring system. Several physical and economic constraints limit the deployment of PMUs in smart power grids. This paper proposes a pragmatic multi-stage simulated annealing (PMSSA) methodology for finding the optimal locations in the smart power grid for installing PMUs in conjunction with existing conventional measurement units (CMUs) to achieve a complete observability of the grid. The proposed PMSSA is much faster than the conventional simulated annealing (SA) approach as it utilizes controlled uphill and downhill movements during various stages of optimization. Moreover, the method of integrating practical phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement conditions like PMU channel limits and redundant placement can be easily handled. The efficacy of the proposed methodology has been validated through simulation studies in IEEE standard bus systems and practical regional Indian power grids.

关键词： phasor measurement units (PMUs) pragmatic PMU placement simulated annealing (SA) western region Indian power grid (WRIPG)

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Reliability analysis on civil engineering project based on integrated adaptive simulation annealing and

Xiao-ping BAI,Ya-nan LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 462-471 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0361-y

摘要： Dynamic reliability is a very important issue in reliability research. The dynamic reliability analysis for the project is still in search of domestic and international research in the exploration stage. By now, dynamic reliability research mainly concentrates on the reliability assessment; the methods mainly include dynamic fault tree, extension of event sequence diagram and Monte Carlo simulation, and et al. The paper aims to research the dynamic reliability optimization. On the basis of analysis of the four quality influence factors in the construction engineering, a method based on gray correlation degree is employed to calculate the weights of factors affecting construction process quality. Then the weights are added into the reliability improvement feasible index (RIFI). Furthermore, a novel nonlinear programming mathematic optimization model is established. In the Insight software environment, the Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) algorithm is used to get a more accurate construction subsystem optimal reliability under different RIFI conditions. In addition, the relationship between construction quality and construction system reliability is analyzed, the proposed methods and detailed processing can offer a useful reference for improving the construction system quality level.

关键词： civil engineering dynamic reliability grey relational degree adaptive simulated annealing algorithm

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Analysis on annealing-induced stress of blind-via TSV using FEM

Jie SHAO, Tielin SHI, Li DU, Lei SU, Xiangning LU, Guanglan LIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第3期页码 401-410 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0457-7

摘要：

Copper-filled through silicon via (TSV) is a promising material owing to its application in high-density three-dimensional (3D) packaging. However, in TSV manufacturing, thermo-mechanical stress is induced during the annealing process, often causing reliability issues. In this paper, the finite element method is employed to investigate the impacts of via shape and SiO₂ liner uniformity on the thermo-mechanical properties of copper-filled blind-via TSV after annealing. Top interface stress analysis on the TSV structure shows that the curvature of via openings releases stress concentration that leads to ~60 MPa decrease of normal stresses, s_xx and s_yy, in copper and ~70 MPa decrease s_xx of in silicon. Meanwhile, the vertical interface analysis shows that annealing-induced stress at the SiO₂/Si interface depends heavily on SiO₂ uniformity. By increasing the thickness of SiO₂ linear, the stress at the vertical interface can be significantly reduced. Thus, process optimization to reduce the annealing-induced stress becomes feasible. The results of this study help us gain a better understanding of the thermo-mechanical behavior of the annealed TSV in 3D packaging.

关键词： through silicon via (TSV) annealing-induced stress interface stress plastic deformation finite element method

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含磷低硅TRIP 钢快速退火组织演变行为研究

陈蓬,沈春豫,许云波,王国栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第1期页码 48-53

摘要：

通过实验室热处理模拟实验，对含磷低硅transformation induced plasticity（TRIP）钢快速退火过程中各个阶段的组织演变行为进行研究，主要研究了不同退火温度对各个阶段组织组成的影响。通过添加P元素降低钢中的Si 含量，可改善表面质量，解决镀锌问题，且P 价格低廉，成本降低。结果表明：最终组织中的铁素体量降低，贝氏体和马氏体混合物的量增加。经X射线衍射（XRD）分析可知，残余奥氏体量增加，由750 ℃退火时的12.7 %增加至790 ℃退火时的14.9 %。

关键词：汽车钢 TRIP钢低硅快速退火组织演变

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基于退火算法的物流配送网的求优研究

段敬民,常跃军,李赞祥,崔建明

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第7期页码 109-112

摘要：

模拟退火算法是一种启发式算法，是受到加热紧缩的退火过程所启发而提出来的求解组合优化问题的一种逼近算法。算法要优于传统的贪婪算法，避免了陷入局部最优的可能，从而达到全局最优解。在物流配送网络中经常有一些寻求最短路径等问题出现，为了能够达到最短、最优、最经济等，需要进行物流配送路径寻优。文中采用模拟退火算法进行一个示例的验证，效果证明可行。

关键词：模拟退火算法全局最优解物流配送网

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基于修正模拟退火算法及溢出面积模型的固定边界布图规划 Article

De-xuan ZOU,Gai-ge WANG,Gai PAN,Hong-wei QI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1228-1244 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500386

摘要：第一，提出了一种修正模拟退火算法（Modified simulated annealing algorithm, MSA）。

关键词：固定边界布图规划；修正的模拟退火算法；全局搜索；溢出面积模型；B*-tree表示法

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基于本体和模拟退火算法的暴雨灾害主题爬虫策略 Research Article

刘景发1,2,李帆3,丁若尧1,2,刘子昂4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1189-1204 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100360

摘要：目前，主题爬虫是从海量异构网络中获取有效领域知识的重要方法。目前大多数主题爬虫技术难以获得高质量爬行结果。主要难点包括主题基准模型的建立、超链接主题相关性的评估和爬行策略的设计。本文采用领域本体为特定主题构建主题基准模型，并提出一种新的基于局部本体和全局本体的多重筛选策略（MFSLG）。为提高待访问超链接主题相关性计算精度，提出一种基于网页文本和链接结构的综合优先度评估方法（CPEM），同时，采用模拟退火（SA）算法避免主题爬虫陷入局部最优搜索。本文首次设计融合SA算法、MFSLG策略和CPEM策略实现主题爬虫，提出两种新的基于本体和SA主题爬虫策略（FCOSA），包括基于全局本体的FCOSA策略（FCOSA_G）和基于局部本体和全局本体的FCOSA策略（FCOSA_LG），以从网络中获取与暴雨灾害主题相关的网页。实验结果表明，针对不同性能指标，所提爬虫策略优于其他主题爬虫策略。

关键词：主题爬虫；本体；优先度评估；模拟退火；暴雨灾害

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Influence evaluation of loading conditions during pressurized thermal shock transients based on thermal-hydraulics

Jinya KATSUYAMA, Shumpei UNO, Tadashi WATANABE, Yinsheng LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第4期页码 563-570 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0487-9

摘要：

The thermal hydraulic (TH) behavior of coo-lant water is a key factor in the structural integrity assessments on reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) of pressurized water reactors (PWRs) under pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events, because the TH behavior may affect the loading conditions in the assessment. From the viewpoint of TH behavior, configuration of plant equipment and their dimensions, and operator action time considerably influence various parameters, such as the temperature and flow rate of coolant water and inner pressure. In this study, to investigate the influence of the operator action time on TH behavior during a PTS event, we developed an analysis model for a typical Japanese PWR plant, including the RPV and the main components of both primary and secondary systems, and performed TH analyses by using a system analysis code called RELAP5. We applied two different operator action times based on the Japanese and the United States (US) rules: Operators may act after 10 min (Japanese rules) and 30 min (the US rules) after the occurrence of PTS events. Based on the results of TH analysis with different operator action times, we also performed structural analyses for evaluating thermal-stress distributions in the RPV during PTS events as loading conditions in the structural integrity assessment. From the analysis results, it was clarified that differences in operator action times significantly affect TH behavior and loading conditions, as the Japanese rule may lead to lower stresses than that under the US rule because an earlier operator action caused lower pressure in the RPV.

关键词： structural integrity reactor pressure vessel pressurized thermal shock thermal hydraulic analysis pressurized water reactor weld residual stress

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Assessment indices for uniform and non-uniform thermal environments

ZHANG Yufeng, SUN Shufeng, ZHAO Rongyi

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 129-133 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0029-y

摘要： Different assessment indices for thermal environments were compared and selected for proper assessment of indoor thermal environments. 30 subjects reported their overall thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and thermal acceptability in uniform and non-uniform conditions. The results show that these three assessment indices provide equivalent evaluations in uniform environments. However, overall thermal sensation differs from the other two indices and cannot be used as a proper index for the evaluation of non-uniform environments. The relationship between the percentage and the mean vote for each index is established.

关键词： thermal sensation proper assessment relationship equivalent thermal acceptability

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Liquid metal thermal hydraulics R&D at European scale: achievements and prospects

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 842-853 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0743-2

摘要： A significant role for a future nuclear carbon-free energy production is attributed to fast reactors, mostly employing a liquid metal as a coolant. This paper summarizes the efforts that have been undertaken in collaborative projects sponsored by the European Commission in the past 20 years in the fields of liquid-metal heat transfer modeling, fuel assembly and core thermal hydraulics, pool and system thermal hydraulics, and establishment of best practice guidelines and verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (UQ). The achievements in these fields will be presented along with the prospects on topics which will be studied collaboratively in Europe in the years to come. These prospects include further development of heat transfer models for applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD), further analysis of the consequences of fuel assembly blockages on coolant flow and temperature, analysis of the thermal hydraulic effects in deformed fuel assemblies, extended validation of three-dimensional pool thermal hydraulic CFD models, and further development and validation of multi-scale system thermal hydraulic methods.

关键词： liquid metal thermal hydraulics Europe

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退火-遗传算法寻优及其实现

王英

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第7期页码 57-59

摘要：

分析了遗传算法及退火算法的优缺点，提出用退火算法改进遗传算法局部的最优值搜索效率低问题。退火算法与遗传算法融合后，使算法在寻优结果上更加迅速精确。通过水泥的配比工程实例，与单纯的遗传算法的结果进行对比，说明该方法是有效的。

关键词：遗传算法退火算法遗传算法改进

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Coupling evaluation for material removal and thermal control on precision milling machine tools

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第1期页码 12-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0668-9

摘要： Machine tools are one of the most representative machining systems in manufacturing. The energy consumption of machine tools has been a research hotspot and frontier for green low-carbon manufacturing. However, previous research merely regarded the material removal (MR) energy as useful energy consumption and ignored the useful energy consumed by thermal control (TC) for maintaining internal thermal stability and machining accuracy. In pursuit of energy-efficient, high-precision machining, more attention should be paid to the energy consumption of TC and the coupling relationship between MR and TC. Hence, the cutting energy efficiency model considering the coupling relationship is established based on the law of conservation of energy. An index of energy consumption ratio of TC is proposed to characterize its effect on total energy usage. Furthermore, the heat characteristics are analyzed, which can be adopted to represent machining accuracy. Experimental study indicates that TC is the main energy-consuming process of the precision milling machine tool, which overwhelms the energy consumption of MR. The forced cooling mode of TC results in a 7% reduction in cutting energy efficiency. Regression analysis shows that heat dissipation positively contributes 54.1% to machining accuracy, whereas heat generation negatively contributes 45.9%. This paper reveals the coupling effect of MR and TC on energy efficiency and machining accuracy. It can provide a foundation for energy-efficient, high-precision machining of machine tools.

关键词： machine tools cutting energy efficiency thermal stability machining accuracy coupling evaluation

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An autonomous system for thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous layer using a thermal

Qi WEI, Xiaohui ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 507-516 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0017-x

摘要： Thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids saturating a horizontal porous layer heated from below is analyzed using a thermal nonequilibrium model to take account of the interphase heat transfer between the fluid and the solid. The viscoelastic character of the flow is considered by a modified Darcy’s law. An autonomous system with five differential equations is deduced by applying the truncated Galerkin expansion to the momentum and heat transfer equations. The effects of interphase heat transfer on the thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous medium are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the weak interphase heat transfer tends to stabilize the steady convection.

关键词： thermal convection porous media viscoelastic fluid thermal nonequilibrium model

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ANN-exhaustive-listing method for optimization of multiple building shapes and envelope properties with maximum thermal

Yaolin LIN, Wei YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 550-563 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0607-1

摘要： With increasing awareness of sustainability, demands on optimized design of building shapes with a view to maximize its thermal performance have become stronger. Current research focuses more on building envelopes than shapes, and thermal comfort of building occupants has not been considered in maximizing thermal performance in building shape optimization. This paper attempts to develop an innovative ANN (artificial neural network)-exhaustive-listing method to optimize the building shapes and envelope physical properties in achieving maximum thermal performance as measured by both thermal load and comfort hour. After verified, the developed method is applied to four different building shapes in five different climate zones in China. It is found that the building shape needs to be treated separately to achieve sufficient accuracy of prediction of thermal performance and that the ANN is an accurate technique to develop models of discomfort hour with errors of less than 1.5%. It is also found that the optimal solutions favor the smallest window-to-external surface area with triple-layer low-E windows and insulation thickness of greater than 90 mm. The merit of the developed method is that it can rapidly reach the optimal solutions for most types of building shapes with more than two objective functions and large number of design variables.

关键词： ANN (artificial neural network) exhaustive-listing building shape optimization thermal load thermal comfort